16 worked answers · short steps first, explanations when you need them
Let Us Enhance Our Learning
Textbook pages 135–136
Question 1
Complete the journey of food through the alimentary canal by filling in the missing parts: Food → Mouth → [___] → Stomach → [___] → [___] → Anus.
Steps only
The three missing parts are the food pipe, small intestine, and large intestine.
Answer
Oesophagus → Small intestine → Large intestine.
Question 2
Pieces of chapati (A), chewed chapati (B), and boiled mashed potato (C) are each tested with iodine. What will be observed and why?
Steps only
Iodine detects starch: A and C turn blue-black; saliva may reduce the starch in B.
Answer
Chapati and potato contain starch; saliva changes some starch into sugar.
Question 3
What is the role of the diaphragm in breathing? (i) Filter air (ii) Produce sound (iii) Help inhalation and exhalation (iv) Absorb oxygen.
Steps only
The diaphragm changes chest space to help air enter and leave the lungs.
Answer
(iii) Help in inhalation and exhalation.
Question 4
Match: (i) nostrils (ii) nasal passages (iii) windpipe (iv) alveoli (v) ribcage with their functions: (a) fresh air enters (b) gas exchange (c) protects lungs (d) hairs and mucus trap dust (e) air reaches lungs.
Anil says breathing and respiration are the same. What questions could Sanvi ask to show that they are different?
Steps only
Breathing moves air; respiration releases energy from food inside the body.
Answer
They are connected but different processes.
Question 6
Which statement is correct and why? Anu: We inhale air. Shanu: We inhale oxygen. Tanu: We inhale air rich in oxygen.
Steps only
We breathe air, which contains a relatively high amount of oxygen.
Answer
Tanu is most precise: we inhale air rich in oxygen.
Question 7
Why might a person sneeze after inhaling a lot of dust-laden air?
Steps only
Dust irritates the nose, and a sneeze helps expel it.
Answer
Sneezing helps clear irritants from the nose.
Question 8
After running, Anusha is breathing faster than Paridhi. Give at least two possible explanations.
Steps only
Effort, fitness, recovery time, and health can affect breathing rate.
Answer
She may have exercised harder or recover at a different rate.
Question 9
Yadu compares rice flour mixed with water in test tube A with rice flour and saliva in test tube B. After 35–45 minutes, he adds iodine. What is he trying to test?
Steps only
Saliva changes some starch into sugar, so less starch should remain in B.
Answer
He is testing the action of saliva on starch.
Question 10
Rakshita passes inhaled air through limewater in tube A and exhaled air through tube B. What is she investigating, and how can she confirm her finding?
Steps only
Exhaled air has more CO₂; it makes limewater turn milky sooner.
Answer
Tube B should turn milky faster than tube A.
Exploratory Projects
Textbook pages 136
Question Project 1
What good practices can be included in a short report on oral hygiene?
Steps only
Brush gently twice daily, limit sugary snacks, and seek dental care when needed.
Answer
Good oral hygiene protects teeth and gums.
Question Project 2
Suggest everyday habits and foods that support a healthy digestive system.
Steps only
Choose varied, fibre-rich foods, safe water, good hygiene, and regular activity.
Answer
Healthy habits support digestion; seek help for ongoing problems.
Question Project 3
What parts should be shown and labelled in a simple 3-D digestive-system model?
Steps only
Model the food pathway and add the liver and pancreas as associated organs.
Answer
Label all main parts in the order food travels through them.
Question Project 4
What is air quality or AQI, and how can poor air affect people in different jobs?
Steps only
AQI reports air pollution; outdoor and industrial workers may encounter dust, smoke, or fumes.
Answer
Use current local data and explain that exposure varies by workplace.
Question Project 5
What is box breathing and what benefits may it have?
Steps only
Breathe in, pause, breathe out, pause for equal comfortable counts.
Answer
It may help some people feel calm; stop if uncomfortable.
Question Project 6
How might birds’ respiratory systems help them fly at high altitudes where oxygen is low?
Steps only
Lungs and air sacs move air efficiently to support flight’s high energy needs.
Answer
Birds’ respiratory system supports efficient oxygen intake at high altitudes.