4 worked answers · short steps first, explanations when you need them
Exercises
Textbook pages 18
Question 1
Which conservation strategy does not directly involve community participation: Joint Forest Management, Beej Bachao Andolan, Chipko Movement, or demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries?
Steps only
The answer is demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries.
Answer
The answer is demarcation of wildlife sanctuaries. It is a formal measure carried out by authorities. Joint Forest Management, Beej Bachao Andolan and the Chipko Movement involve local communities directly.
Question 2
Match reserved, protected and unclassed forests with their descriptions.
Steps only
Reserved forests are considered most valuable for conservation.
Answer
Reserved forests are considered most valuable for conservation. Protected forests are protected from further depletion. Unclassed forests include other forests and wastelands owned by governments, private individuals or communities.
Question 3
(i) What is biodiversity, and why is it important for human life? (ii) How have human activities caused depletion of flora and fauna?
Steps only
(i) Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms and the relationships among them.
Answer
(i) Biodiversity is the variety of living organisms and the relationships among them. It supports food, clean air and water, healthy soil, medicines and balanced ecosystems.
(ii) Deforestation, hunting and poaching, mining, pollution, expanding settlements and overuse of resources destroy habitats and reduce plant and animal populations.
Question 4
(i) Describe how communities have conserved forests and wildlife in India. (ii) Write a note on good practices for conservation.
Steps only
(i) Communities have protected sacred groves, opposed harmful mining and tree felling, joined movements such as Chipko, and worked with officials through Joint Forest Management.
Answer
(i) Communities have protected sacred groves, opposed harmful mining and tree felling, joined movements such as Chipko, and worked with officials through Joint Forest Management. Local groups also set rules to prevent hunting and protect habitats.
(ii) Good practices include restoring native forests, using resources carefully, protecting habitats, preventing illegal hunting, and involving local and Indigenous communities in decisions and benefits.